We have already dedicated an article to hydroponic cultivation; today, we will focus on controlling hydroponic irrigation using probes.
Hydroponic Irrigation
Regardless of the cultivation system used—whether with exposed roots or a rockwool or coconut fiber substrate—irrigation is fundamental to production results.
Various irrigation methods can be employed:
- Sprinkler irrigation.
- Drip irrigation.
- Tray-based flow systems.
In any case, the plant receives water and nutrients from the irrigation system.
The root system may be in direct contact with the water and nutrients or situated in a coconut fiber or rockwool substrate. If a substrate is used, monitoring moisture levels with probes is crucial for saving water and energy and improving production.
The Importance of Using Probes (Sensors) in Hydroponic Irrigation
To achieve good results with this type of crop, controlling irrigation is a crucial factor. This involves using suitable, low-salt water and maintaining proper control over the system.
In soilless cultivation, monitoring moisture levels and conductivity is essential.
- Moisture probe: This monitors water requirements in real time, preventing plant water stress. It ensures the crop receives the necessary water exactly when needed. While rockwool and coconut fiber retain moisture well, levels should not exceed 80%; the probe helps maintain consistent, optimal moisture.
- Conductivity sensors: These measure conductivity to provide constant data on salt accumulation. When combined with pH readings (using litmus paper), they indicate whether fertilizer or salinity/sodicity correctors need to be added. This is a key factor in hydroponic farming; excessive salinity prevents the plant from absorbing the necessary nutrients. Water quality significantly influences salt accumulation.
- Temperature sensors: Monitoring temperature allows for the assessment of root health and the risk of issues such as fungal diseases. Additionally, the temperature of the nutrient solution should be slightly higher than the ambient temperature.
Therefore, the probes allow for the measurement of pH, salinity, light levels, temperature, and oxygen. The more controlled these factors are, the better it is for both the quantity and quality of production.
Hydroponic irrigation sensors/probes can take readings every two minutes.
Advantages of optimized irrigation in hydroponics using probes (smart sensors):
- Crop quality is the most important factor.
- Prevention of diseases.
- Water and energy savings.
- This type of cultivation initially requires significant investment. However, the proper use of smart, wireless technology saves time and money.
- Increased production.
- It is clean and highly eco-friendly, provided the right fertilizers are used.
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